How does a shock absorber function?

A shock absorber, absorbs the imperfections in the road, from a bump at low speed to the potholes during an off-road race. The suspension of a shock absorber makes it more comfortable for the driver and passangers and ensures that the wheels always maintains contact with the road, making the vehicle more controllable. The shocks that the shock absorber receives are dampened by moving a fluid from one chamber to the other. If you make the movement easier by making a larger opening, the damping becomes softer, and vice versa it becomes harder.

What does a shim do?

The shims ensure that the opening opens under a certain pressure. The shims must bend open to allow the fluid to pass through. A thick shim will be more difficult to bend open than a thin one. 
You can change the characteristics by stacking (different sizes) shims. For example, by stacking different diameters of shims on top of each other in a pyramid shape (progressively smaller), you can make the required force per speed linear. It is also possible to stack more or fewer shims, with many shims the force required to compress will increase, resulting in a stiffer suspension. If the suspension is not yet stiff enough, you can, for example, choose to install thicker shims.
 

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